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Exercise has great benefit for all and especially so for type 1 diabetics and any diabetic for that matter.  Light exercise presents little difficulty but also very limited benefit.  But taking exercise to the level that it improves your health is a challenge for a diabetic .  The tough part for a diabetic is not the strain of the exercise, but the effect that it has on lowering their blood sugar level .  But the benefit for the diabetic is enormous.  If you are exercising with vigorseveral times a week, your whole body benefits including how efficiently your body uses insulin.  A wonderful value of exercise is keeping your heart and your whole cardio system pumping great , and improving blood circulation for your whole body and especially to your legs, feet, toes and fingers is so important for diabetics .

There are challenges that a diabetic faces that non-diabetics do not .  That challenge is different depending whether you are on insulin shot therapy or insulin pump therapy.  Both those on shot and insulin pump therapy have to guard against blood sugar lows, but both have different tools available to protect them .

The diabetic on basic shot therapy has their day laid out as far as insulin intake goes .  If your exercise includes any amount of cardio conditioning or other strenuous exercise, you will need to consume as much food as you burn through exercise .  What you are really doing is “feeding your insulin”.  This does limit your weight loss options though .

The diabetic on an insulin pump has a lot more options than those on insulin shots .  The first advantage is that you can have your insulin pump to lower your insulin basal rate or suspend insulin delivery completely during exercise .  Next, if the exercise is cardio or strenuous, you will probably still have to consume some food to offset the energy you burned during exercise, but you will not have to consume any food just to “feed your insulin” .  Being able to do even extreme exercise as a pumper is nothing unusual .  One man who does the Alaskan Iditarod dog-mushing race yearly and he is on an insulin pump.  Now that is extreme indeed!

Drinking a lot of water during and after exercise is important no mater what style of insulin therapy you are on. .  Also be sure and check your blood sugar level both before and after exercise .  To learn more about exercising for type 1 diabetics whether on shot therapy or insulin pump therapy, get my diabetes / insulin pump book and watch my free type 1 diabetes video for ideas.

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An insulin pump does a lot more than give you insulin without having to take an insulin shot .  An insulin pump can act a lot closer to having your pancreas working than the best injection therapy ever could .  But the insulin pump does lack one key thing that a pancreas can do .  That is because an insulin pump cannot test your blood sugar level for you and automatically adjust the amount of insulin you need directly .  That is still your job .  You need to check your blood sugar level at meals anyway even with shot therapy, but you can let the pump take care of the rest .

But what does an insulin pump do and how does it work ?  Great questions.  An insulin pump is a little and light weight powerhouse medical device containing a supply of insulin and it injects just the right amount of insulin directly into you body through a small tube .  An insulin pump supplies insulin to you very similar to how a pancreas in two different ways .  One of these ways is known as a bolus which is a slowly given pulse of insulin given over a short period of time .  Boluses give you the insulin needed either for meals, or when your blood sugar level is moderately too high .  Of course if your blood sugar is more than a little too high , you ought to be taking a shot of insulin by needle rather than getting a bolus from an insulin pump.

You should be checking your blood sugar at meals and enter the number of carbohydrates in that meal so the pump can figure out how much insulin you need for the meal .  If your blood sugar is a little high at meal time, the pump will automatically add in additional needed insulin.  If it is low, the pump will automatically give you a little less insulin .

Basal delivery is the other mode of insulin delivery used by an insulin pump .  A basal delivery of insulin is a slow release of small amounts of insulin continuously over time .  Delivery of basal insulin performs the vital role of supplying your body with the energy it needs for your autonomic systems .  It takes roughly 40% of the insulin your body needs to handle this .  Basal delivery gives your body the fuel for you heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and your other internal organs too .  You also consume energy just to walk and climb stairs and even to sleep.  All of these benefit from basal insulin delivery of insulin.

You insulin pump supplies the right basal doses according to a built-in daily schedule of basal insulin delivery rates over a 24 hour period .  For example maybe from midnight to 6am you need a low rate of insulin while you are sleeping of say 0.8 units of insulin per hour.  Maybe from 6am to 10am you need say 1.2 units of insulin per hour as you are becoming more active and starting your day.  The basal rates needed for all 24 hours of the day are defined similarly .  Your insulin pump keeps track of the time and adjusts your basal rate automatically as the day and night proceed based on this schedule.  This is simple to do and very important .  To learn more about insulin pumps and insulin pump therapy, please download my insulin pump book free preview.

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The downside of really successful blood sugar control for most diabetics, especially type I diabetics, is the risk of hypoglycemia, sporadic low blood sugars that cause a variety of symptoms. A diabetic feeling drunk without even drinking is a red flag for potentially life-threatening hypoglycemia that requires immediate consumption of glucose. Blood sugar goes up and down with medication, even the best medications. Blood sugars that run too low can be due to any one or more of a number of causes:

A sudden change from cool to warm weather, or traveling from a cold climate to a warm climate, or staying in an unusually warm room overnight. Taking an unusually large amount of aspirin or allergy medication. Drinking too much alcohol, especially before or during a meal. Eating less than planned. Taking too much insulin. Taking insulin injections too close together. Switching from an insulin pump to insulin injections without lowering the dose. Taking too much diabetes medication. Exercising too long without consumption of carbohydrate. Recovery from an illness, such as a cold or flu, that caused temporarily higher insulin resistance. Delayed digestion, which may be caused by eating an unusually low-glycemic index meal or a chronic condition called gastroparesis.

Most diabetics learn to recognize a specific feeling of a hypoglycemic episode setting in. Hunger is by far the most common symptom–but hunger is also a sign than cells aren’t getting the glucose they need when blood sugars are too high. A diabetic feeling drunk may be in the midst of a hypoglycemic episode when other symptoms include these symptoms of low blood sugar levels?

Confusion. Clumsiness. Irritability or uncharacteristic nastiness. Inappropriate laughter or joking, especially when drinking before a meal. Anxiety. Lightheadedness. Tiredness. Weakness. Shouting for no apparent reason. Waking up from sleep suddenly. Talking or shouting in sleep. Visual impairment, including hallucinations, seeingspots, double vision, and blurred vision. Lesser ability to taste sweet foods (this is very temporary). Cold, clammy skin, especially on the back of the neck. Shallow breathing.

A combination of these symptoms with a diabetic feeling drunk is a good indicator of a hypoglycemic episode, but the way to know for sure is a finger stick for a reading with a glucometer.

And when there is hypoglycemia, it’s important not to overcorrect. Even if you weigh 400 pounds (180 kilos), just 15 grams of glucose (that’s half an ounce or 3 to 5 glucose tablets) is enough to stop an emergency.

Pure glucose is what your body needs and it’s the best remedy for hypoglycemia. If you don’t have glucose, a sugary (not diet) soft drink (half a can is enough) or a half a cup (120 ml) of juice usually does the trick. Just remember that alcohol and low blood sugars together are a real whammy for diabetics, and blood sugar testing with a glucometer always tells you for sure whether hypoglycemia is really the problem.

Click here to read more on diabetes leg cramp.

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Gestational diabetesType 1 diabetesType 2 diabetesMetabolic syndrome
Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar. Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin, or both.

To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process by which food is broken down and used by the body for energy. Several things happen when food is digested:

A sugar called glucose enters the bloodstream. Glucose is a source of fuel for the body.

An organ called the pancreas makes insulin. The role of insulin is to move glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel.

People with diabetes have high blood sugar. This is because:

Their pancreas does not make enough insulin

Their muscle, fat, and liver cells do not respond to insulin normally

Both of the above

There are three major types of diabetes:

Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood. Many patients are diagnosed when they are older than age 20. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown. Genetics, viruses, and autoimmune problems may play a role.

Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. It makes up most of diabetes cases. It usually occurs in adulthood, but young people are increasingly being diagnosed with this disease. The pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, often because the body does not respond well to insulin. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it, although it is a serious condition. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common due to increasing obesity and failure to exercies.

Gestational diabetes is high blood glucose that develops at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes. Women who have gestational diabetes are at high risk of type 2 diabetes and  cardiovascular disease later in life.

Diabetes affects more than 20 million Americans. Over 40 million Americans have prediabetes (early type 2 diabetes).

There are many risk factors for type 2 diabetes, including:

Age over 45 years

A parent, brother, or sister with diabetes

Gestational diabetes or delivering a baby weighing more than 9 pounds

Heart disease

High blood cholesterol level

Obesity

Not getting enough exercise

Polycystic ovary disease (in women)

Previous impaired glucose tolerance

Some ethnic groups (particularly African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic Americans)

Symptoms

High blood levels of glucose can cause several problems, including:

Blurry vision

Excessive thirst

Fatigue

Frequent urination

Hunger

Weight loss

However, because type 2 diabetes develops slowly, some people with high blood sugar experience no symptoms at all.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes:

Fatigue

Increased thirst

Increased urination

Nausea

Vomiting

Weight loss in spite of increased appetite

Patients with type 1 diabetes usually develop symptoms over a short period of time. The condition is often diagnosed in an emergency setting.

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes:

Blurred vision

Fatigue

Increased appetite

Increased thirst

Increased urination

Signs and tests

A urine analysis may be used to look for glucose and ketones from the breakdown of fat. However, a urine test alone does not diagnose diabetes.

The following blood tests are used to diagnose diabetes:

Fasting blood glucose level — diabetes is diagnosed if higher than 126 mg/dL on two occasions. Levels between 100 and 126 mg/dL are referred to as impaired fasting glucose or prediabetes. These levels are considered to be risk factors for type 2 diabetes and its complications.

Oral glucose tolerance test — diabetes is diagnosed if glucose level is higher than 200 mg/dL after 2 hours. (This test is used more for type 2 diabetes.)

Random (non-fasting) blood glucose level — diabetes is suspected if higher than 200 mg/dL and accompanied by the classic diabetes symptoms of increased thirst, urination, and fatigue. (This test must be confirmed with a fasting blood glucose test.)

Persons with diabetes need to have their hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level checked every 3 – 6 months. The HbA1c is a measure of average blood glucose during the previous 2 – 3 months. It is a very helpful way to determine how well treatment is working.

Treatment

The immediate goals are to treat diabetic ketoacidosis and high blood glucose levels. Because type 1 diabetes can start suddenly and have severe symptoms, people who are newly diagnosed may need to go to the hospital.

The long-term goals of treatment are to:

Prolong life

Reduce symptoms

Prevent diabetes-related complications such as blindness, heart disease, kidney failure, and amputation of limbs

These goals are accomplished through:

Blood pressure and choleterol control

Careful self testing of blood glucose levels

Education

Exercise

Foot care

Meal planning and weight control

Medication or insulin use

There is no cure for diabetes. Treatment involves medicines, diet, and exercise to control blood sugar and prevent symptoms.

LEARN THESE SKILLS

Basic diabetes management skills will help prevent the need for emergency care. These skills include:

How to recognize and treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia)

What to eat and when

How to take insulin or oral medication

How to test and record blood glucose

How to test urine for ketones (type 1 diabetes only)

How to adjust insulin or food intake when changing exercise and eating habits

How to handle sick days

Where to buy diabetes supplies and how to store them

After you learn the basics of diabetes care, learn how the disease can cause long-term health problems and the best ways to prevent these problems. Review and update your knowledge, because new research and improved ways to treat diabetes are constantly being developed.

SELF-TESTING

If you have diabetes, your doctor may tell you to regularly check your blood sugar levels at home. There are a number of devices available, and they use only a drop of blood. Self-monitoring tells you how well diet, medication, and exercise are working together to control your diabetes. It can help your doctor prevent complications.

The American Diabetes Association recommends keeping blood sugar levels in the range of:

80 – 120 mg/dL before meals

100 – 140 mg/dL at bedtime

Your doctor may adjust this depending on your circumstances.

WHAT TO EAT

You should work closely with your health care provider to learn how much fat, protein, and carbohydrates you need in your diet. A registered dietician can help you plan your dietary needs.

People with type 1 diabetes should eat at about the same times each day and try to be consistent with the types of food they choose. This helps to prevent blood sugar from becoming extremely high or low.

People with type 2 diabetes should follow a well-balanced and low-fat diet.

See: Diabetes diet

HOW TO TAKE MEDICATION

Medications to treat diabetes include insulin and glucose-lowering pills called oral hypoglycemic drugs.

People with type 1 diabetes cannot make their own insulin. They need daily insulin injections. Insulin does not come in pill form. Injections are generally needed one to four times per day. Some people use an insulin pump. It is worn at all times and delivers a steady flow of insulin throughout the day. Other people may use inhaled insulin. See also: Type 1 diabetes

Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes may respond to treatment with exercise, diet, and medicines taken by mouth. There are several types of medicines used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes. See also: Type 2 diabetes

Medications may be switched to insulin during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

Gestational diabetes may be treated with exercise and changes in diet.

EXERCISE

Regular exercise is especially important for people with diabetes. It helps with blood sugar control, weight loss, and high blood pressure. People with diabetes who exercise are less likely to experience a heart attack or stroke than those who do not exercise regularly.

Here are some exercise considerations:

Always check with your doctor before starting a new exercise program.

Ask your doctor or nurse if you have the right footwear.

Choose an enjoyable physical activity that is appropriate for your current fitness level.

Exercise every day, and at the same time of day, if possible.

Monitor blood glucose levels before and after exercise.

Carry food that contains a fast-acting carbohydrate in case you become hypoglycemic during or after exercise.

Carry a diabetes identification card and a cell phone in case of emergency.

Drink extra fluids that do not contain sugar before, during, and after exercise.

You may need to change your diet or medication dose if you change your exercise intensity or duration to keep blood sugar levels from going too high or low.

FOOT CARE

People with diabetes are more likely to have foot problems. Diabetes can damage blood vessels and nerves and decrease the body’s ability to fight infection. You may not notice a foot injury until an infection develops. Death of skin and other tissue can occur.

If left untreated, the affected foot may need to be amputated. Diabetes is the most common condition leading to amputations.

To prevent injury to the feet, check and care for your feet every day.

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Well, type 1 diabetes is a type of condition which, along with type 2 diabetes, falls under the larger category of diabetes called diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes is a condition which develops earlier on in life, as young adults, or even children. There are approximately 1 in 300 people in the United Kingdom who develop type 1 diabetes at some point, and type 1 diabetes accounts for between 5 to 15 per cent of all people with diabetes of one kind or another.

The pancreas is the organ in the body that produces a hormone called insulin. Insulin allows the glucose in the blood to be absorbed in to the cells in the body and then broken down for use by the body as fuel. If the alpha cells, also known as islet cells in the pancreas have been destroyed, then no insulin can be produced, and the glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed into the body’s cells. This causes the glucose to build up in the blood.

So what the cause of cell destruction? It is not fully understood why the cells in the pancreas get destroyed, but the most likely explanation is that the cause is an infection of some kind, or a virus that may have been contracted at some time may have done the damage.

What are the main symptoms? The main symptoms of type 1 diabetes tend to develop very quickly, over weeks or even days. They include feeling very thirsty, the requirement to urinate excessively, feeling tired, and the involuntary loss of weight and muscle wastage.

Those are the main symptoms, however what is type 1 diabetes other symptoms, because there must be more than that? Well other symptoms which can be observed including blurred vision, skin infections and rashes, itching around the genitals, thrush, constipation, and cramps.

So what is diabetes type 1 symptoms that when experienced require urgent medical attention? Well if experiencing a high temperature, stomach pains, feeling nauseous or actually being sick, and complete loss of appetite, then medical council should be sought out quickly. Sometimes an odd fruity smell may be experienced on your breath. This is also a sign that something is not right and medical attention is required.

What is diabetes type 1 treatment? Unfortunately there is no actual cure for type 1 diabetes, however once diagnosed with the condition, the patient can still have a full and active life. Treatment for the condition means finding a way to maintain a safe glucose level in the blood. Because the pancreas alpha cells have stopped producing insulin, and it is this cause that is increasing the blood glucose level, then a new supply of insulin is required.

There are several types of insulin that can be administered. Some work fast but do not last very long, others will last for several hours, and then there are long lasting ones that will last all day. Type 1 diabetes patients will usually require an insulin injection which can be administered with a syringe or injection pen, and will need to be administered between 2 to 4 times per day.

Another type of treatment involves an insulin pump, which is a small device that contains an insulin supply. Attached to this is a pipe with a needle on the other end. This needle must be inserted under the skin either in the stomach, buttocks, arms, thighs, or hips. Close monitoring of this administration will be required to ensure the correct dosage of insulin.

Hopefully with the correct treatment and usage of insulin, further diabetic complications can be avoided later on.

Of course there is not only type 1 diabetes, there are many more. For more information the next step would be to visit What Is Type 2 Diabetes. This type of diabetes and many more including their signs and symptoms and complications can be found at Diabetes Guidelines. So check them out for more information.

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Diabetes affects all ages. But a form of diabetes is especially notorious in the direction of very young patients. It’s called juvenile diabetes. Although young diabetes is not exclusive among children, is the relatively high prevalence in the younger population makes it a fundamental concern for parents whose children had been diagnosed with this chronic, non-insulin-dependent state. A lot of things are needed for a child with juvenile diabetes needs. Some of them are described below:

Blood glucose meters or glucometers – The first and one that should be top of the list of priorities is glucometers. This is a portable device that measures glucose in the blood of the patient. You do not usually pay a high price for this device, because manufacturers sell these at a very low price. Also many insurance companies provide this device for free. When trying to consider for a specific brand or model, it is wise to check the price and availability of compatible test strips. This is because these strips usually have a huge cut in costs associated with monitoring of blood glucose. Test Strips are usually priced at $ 1 per piece, but it is not uncommon to find 50 cents per piece strip.

Pen – a pen is a portable insulin delivery system that looks much like an ordinary pen. It delivers controlled doses of insulin into the bloodstream without the need for a healthcare professional’s assistance. Today, there are 2 types of insulin pens in the market: the pre-filled pen and durable stylus. The former is disposable, containing pre-mixed insulin, and the latter is a pen that only needs cartridge replacements. However, there is a new type of insulin pen that has built-in memory. This can include up to a hundred levels which will make recording time, date, and insulin doses easier for the user.

Emergency glucose tablet – This product diabetes in children is a way to control insulin response. Whereas adults are using candy and other sweets, diabetic children managed with emergency glucose tablets, to deliver precise amounts of glucose in the bloodstream to normalize blood glucose levels. Although a lot of people see them as candy substitutes, they see no sweets at all, so parents and teachers will not have any problem with lack of glucose.

Insulin Pump – otherwise known as continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. This device consists of a pump, a disposable reservoir which is attached inside the pump, and a disposable infusion. Taking price out of the equation, an insulin pump is a good alternative to daily injections of insulin through injection products because it makes a person do away with multiple insulin injections. When used together with a carb counting unit and a blood glucose monitoring device, it can do for an intensive insulin therapy.

Injection products – Many children run away from the injection products such as syringes and needles. This should not be the case, however. Parents should help their children in mind in the direction of injection products.

Lancets and lancet devices – These devices are used to draw blood samples for glucose testing. Priority in selecting these products is to find those who could provide the least inconvenience to their users.

Janice runs the Blood & Heart Rate Monitors [http://www.blood-and-heart-rate-monitors.info] blog where you can find up-to-date information on diabetes and hypertension related products.

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Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and accounts for over 90 percent of all cases. This is a disease in which the body does not make or properly use insulin, which is a hormone that helps convert sugar, starches and other foods into energy. Type 2 starts as insulin resistance, which occurs when the cells do not use insulin the way they should. As the body needs more and more insulin, the pancreas usually stops producing it. The cause is not yet known but genetics and environmental factors such as being overweight and having a sedentary lifestyle are believed to play a role. A type 2 diabetes self management plan is a major component of fighting this disease.

Classes are available through diabetes self management programs that provide information about type 2 diabetes and teach the skills necessary to avoid the many complications of the disease. These classes teach the patient how to monitor glucose, modify their diets, develop exercise regimens, how to self-inject insulin and many other things that are necessary for staying healthy and strong.

Daily injections of insulin by syringe is for some the most difficult part of type 2 diabetes self management. A medical device called an insulin pump is a good alternative. This small battery operated pump, worn on the waist, has a reservoir that contains insulin which is automatically injected into the body by way of a catheter imbedded under the skin. The pump is easily detached for bathing or showering and is easily adjustable when insulin doses need to be changed.

The American Diabetes Association has estimated that about 90 percent of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight when they are first diagnosed. Essential to a good type 2 diabetes self management plan are diet, exercise and keeping weight under control.

Keeping blood glucose under control is the first line of defense in the prevention of other health related problems often related to type 2 diabetes. Using a blood glucose monitor with blood glucose test strips will help to provide important information to help you control the disease.

Moderating food intake is essential to controlling type 2 diabetes. A person with the disease can continue to eat their favorite foods if portions are controlled. Eating foods high in nutrition with lots of vegetables and fruit is necessary. Diabetes self management programs have dietitians on staff that can assist in developing a plan that works for each individual.

Exercise is very important for controlling weight and health in general. Even light exercise like gardening and walking are beneficial to keeping blood sugar under control. Benefits to cholesterol levels, blood pressure and cardiovascular health are a result as well. Type 2 diabetes self management programs offer professional advice about developing a plan that’s beneficial to each individual patient and easy to stick to.

It may sound strange but developing diabetes has actually helped some people become healthier. By sticking to their self management plan they are no longer obese, enjoy the many health benefits of exercise and eat a healthy diet. Type 2 diabetes self management is largely about doing many of the things that we all should be doing anyway. So let’s do it.

For more great information about diabetes and some amazing new products that can help you, please visit FixMyDiabetes.com

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