Obesity and diabetes: Immune cells in fat tissue explain the link
ScienceDaily (Aug. 14, 2010) — Inflammation-causing cells in fat tissue may explain the link between obesity and diabetes, a team of Walter and Eliza Hall Institute researchers in Melbourne, Australia, has shown.
The discovery, by Professor Len Harrison and Dr John Wentworth from the institute’s Autoimmunity and Transplantation division, opens the way for new anti-inflammatory treatments that prevent insulin resistance (where the body is unable to respond to and use the insulin it produces) and other complications associated with obesity.
“We have shown that insulin resistance in human obesity is closely related to the presence of inflammatory cells in fat tissue, in particular a population of macrophage cells,” Professor Harrison said.
Macrophages, white blood cells derived from the bone marrow, are immune cells that normally respond to infections. In obese people, macrophages move into the fat tissue where they cause inflammation and release cytokines, which are chemical messenger molecules used by immune cells to communicate. Certain cytokines cause cells to become resistant to the effects of the hormone insulin, leading to diabetes and heart disease.
Professor Harrison and Dr Wentworth worked with Mr Gaetano Naselli, Ms Belinda Phipson and Dr Gordon Smyth at the institute as well as Professor Paul O’Brien at Monash University’s Centre for Obesity Research and Education to analyse the fat tissue of more than 100 Victorians who had undergone lapband surgery.
Their findings, published in the journal Diabetes, provide the first evidence in humans that macrophages in the fat tissue are producing cytokines that prevent cells from appropriately responding to the presence of insulin.
“The complications of obesity such as insulin resistance and diabetes, cardiovascular disease associated with hardening of the arteries, and liver problems are the result of inflammation that occurs in the fat tissue,” Professor Harrison said. “These complications could be prevented by developing drugs that target certain cytokines released by the macrophages.
“Encouragingly, our study also showed that when obese people lost weight the macrophages in the fat tissue disappeared, as did the risk of developing insulin resistance and diabetes.”
Diabetes affects more than a million Australians and is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin, a hormone necessary to convert sugar, starches and other food into the energy needed for daily life.
The research was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, the Victorian Government, Diabetes Australia Research Trust and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians Research Foundation.
Story Source:
The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.
Journal Reference:
J. M. Wentworth, G. Naselli, W. A. Brown, L. Doyle, B. Phipson, G. K. Smyth, M. Wabitsch, P. E. O’Brien, L. C. Harrison. Pro-Inflammatory CD11c+CD206+ Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Associated With Insulin Resistance in Human Obesity. Diabetes, 2010; 59 (7): 1648 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0287Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Tags: cells, explain, eliza hall institute, insulin resistance, human obesity, diabetes and heart disease, white blood cells
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I think there are dangers with all the above concepts. I think hard drinking Santa might encounter some issues with the ATO. Grog seems to be an especially prickly area with regards to tax deductibility.
Sexy Santa, hmmm, I can't imagine Westfield being overly happy about children sitting on her lap despite the fact they are happy for their tenants to post advertising material that borders on pornographic.
Fat, happy Santa, always a winner. Let’s hope the diabetes and heart disease don't get to him before he has a chance to deliver all those gifts.
The human race does not need (much) meat to survive. If consumed, it should only be an appetizer size portion, preferably homegrown with no chemicals, antibiotics nor hormones. Fast food triple decker anything is gluttonous. How many fields did those consumers plow before or after such an indulgence? Do they ever crave a salad? Human obesity is epidemic and rampant near any fast food establishment. The corporate food industry has made it difficult for anyone to afford healthy food and the medical industry must be getting a kick-back. Under current USDA regulations we remain unable to ensure the quality of the beef industry with E-coli reports becoming the norm, How on earth could anyone ensure the quality of horse meat at this stage? Why should we eat anything that may makes us ill? Eating “out” has already become a game of Russian Roulette, from cilantro to eggs. Entire civilizations have survived on rice and tea alone, although iodized salt certainly helps early development. It’s time carnivores left the wild horse be and protected them in order to preserve historical bloodlines that helped forge nearly every civilization. Once gone, that heritage will be lost forever. Instead, meat eaters should re-think and clean up their own plates with healthier alternatives. Although underground horse meat reached as high as $20/lb in FL, is it really that delectable? With the abundance of other meats available at market, who really needs horse meat? There is always fish with petroleum, mercury and PCB byproducts. While companies like Monsanto triy to pawn off seedless seeds and harmful chemicals to control our food supply, consumers should be more concerned with whether rice will survive. How long will this generation continue to turn a blind eye and beat a dead horse? Eating horse serves little more than economic gain for suppliers and additional risk for consumers. The horse has selflessly enriched civilization beyond wonder, in war, agriculture, sport, exceeding any other animal accomplishment in all of history.
Recently, researcher Dr. Ester Fride of the Behavioral Sciences Department of Israel’s College of Judea and Samaria published a pair of scientific papers stating that the brain’s cannabinoid receptors (receptors in the brain that respond pharmacologically to various compounds in cannabis as well as other endogenous compounds) and the naturally occurring messenger molecules that activate and bind to them (so-called endocannabinoids) “are present from the early stages of gestation” and may play “a number of vital roles” in human prenatal and postnatal development.
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Oh no! Get well soon so you can enjoy your new space! (This is cheesy but I swear it works – close your eyes and with your mind direct all your white blood cells to where it hurts.)
News Update Apr 12, New culprit in muscle defects, insulin resistance that come with age
Bernard Rimland, Ph.D. of the Autism Research Institute, says “Clearly, medical marijuana is not a drug to be administered lightly. But compare its side effects to the known effects of Risperdal, which include massive weight gain, a dramatically increased risk of diabetes, and an elevated risk of deadly heart problems, as well as a host of other major and minor problems. Other psychotropic drugs are no safer, causing symptoms ranging from debilitating tardive dyskinesia to life-threatening malignant hyperthermia or sudden cardiac arrest. Of all drugs, the psychotropic drugs are among the least useful and most dangerous, and the benefit vs. risk profile of medical marijuana seems fairly benign in comparison.” He continues, “The reports we are seeing from parents indicate that medical marijuana often works when no other treatments, drug or non-drug, have helped.”
Dear Doctor James,
I found your article on why diabetes drugs don't work fascinating.
Other Ways to Improve Insulin Resistance
The Atkins type, low carbohydrate diet, elimination of refined sugar and refined carbs, exercise and weight loss are the usual lifestyle recommendations for improving Insulin Resistance.
Chromium Picolinate or polynicotinate was the first supplement approved by the FDA for a qualified health claim, namely improvement in insulin resistance.
Other supplements commonly recommended are Biotin, and R-Alpha-lipoic Acid.
Benfotiamine, a lipid soluble form of vitamin B-1 is not widely known and has been shown beneficial especially for diabetic neuropathy.
To read more: How to Improve Insulin Resistance in Type Two Diabetes by Jeffrey Dach MD
Jeffrey Dach MD
my web site
You are a nano-tech medical solution prototype injected into . Your mission is to detect and neutralize any/all internal threats to said important person. As you destroy virii, bacteria, you collect the DNA left behind and use it to modify your nano-structure. The difficulty comes from various assassination attempts, not to mention the person’s own body’s defenses (white blood cells, etc), culminating in a nano-attack you must fend off. Think asteroids & tower defense mixed game. There are certain cells or areas of the body you have to keep from being harmed too much. Brain for this infection, lungs for that infection, with a different ‘landscape’ for each place. Upgrades could include cell-mimicry (to prevent body from attacking your nano-colony and/or to lure attacking bacteria/virus to you instead of the real target), shields(?), different weapon styles against different invasion types… etc.
INDIGENOUS!!!
I think she has a look that most like ,indigenous look.
A nice tan
nice hair
look at her she's not black or white
even as brown as I am I'm not black!!!